Underground loaders (LHDs), raws li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv av thiab qhov av engineering, yuav raug rau cov txheej txheem nruj hauv lub tebchaws thiab kev lag luam hauv txhua qhov ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim, tsim khoom, tshuaj xyuas, thiab siv.Cov qauv txheej txheem no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej, lav kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm, thiab nws lub neej voj voog tag nrho.
Yam yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb: Tsim kom muaj txoj sia nyob
Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev ua haujlwm hauv av. Rau ntau hom kev thauj khoom hauv av, lub xeev tau tshaj tawm ntau cov qauv kev nyab xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua, tsim cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws.
• Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: GB 25518-2010 "Underground Loaders - Safety Requirements" yog tus qauv kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov log tsheb hauv av. Nws systematically qhia cov neeg kho tshuab, hluav taws xob, thiab hluav taws xob phom sij uas cov cuab yeej yuav ntsib thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, thiab qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, braking systems, operating systems, thiab hydraulic systems. Piv txwv li, tus qauv xav kom qhov chaw nres tsheb nres yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nres nres ntawm 15% tag nrho cov nqes hav thiab 20% unloaded txoj kab nqes.
• Cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv sib txawv: Rau cov tshuab thauj khoom hauv av siv cov txheej txheem taug kev sib txawv, muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb sib xws. GB 25525-2010 "Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg rau Cov Neeg Taug Kev Taug Kev Hauv Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob" siv rau cov khoom siv taug qab xws li lub thoob loaders thiab roob ris-claw loaders. GB 25524-2010 "Rail-Wheel Loaders in Underground Mining" qhia txog kev tsim kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov log tsheb thauj khoom. Cov qauv no suav nrog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb yooj yim ntawm ntau hom kev thauj khoom hauv av.
Test Methods thiab Performance Verification Standards: A Scale for Quantifying Performance
Kev nyab xeeb ib leeg tsis txaus; Yuav ua li cas tshawb xyuas seb cov cuab yeej ua tau raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb heev. GB/T 4652-2021 "Tsim Kev Ntsuas rau Pob Zeb Loaders thiab Loaders hauv Kev Mining" muab kev sib koom ua ke kev sim thiab tshuaj xyuas txoj hauv kev. Cov txheej txheem no qhia txog cov kev sim ntsuas, ntsuas ntsuas, cov khoom ntsuas (xws li kev ua haujlwm traction, braking performance, productivity, reliability, thiab lwm yam), thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua cov txheej txheem rau cov khoom siv. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pov thawj rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom lag luam kev pom zoo, cov neeg siv kev lees paub, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas thib peb, kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ua tau zoo.
Basic thiab Component Standards: Paub meej Specifications thiab Interoperability
Tus qauv txheej txheem kuj delves rau hauv cov ntsiab lus txhais thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus hauv kev lag luam thiab txhim khu kev qha zoo.
• Terminology Unification: GB/T 7679.2-2025 "Mining Machinery Terminology Part 2: Loading Equipment" sib sau ua ke cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus rau underground loading cov khoom thiab cov khoom muaj feem xyuam, tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib pauv, kev kos npe, thiab kev nkag siab tus qauv.
• Cheebtsam Specifications: Cov qauv qhia ntxaws ntxiv muaj nyob rau cov khoom tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, pawg txheej txheem T/QGCML 3928-2024 "Heavy-Lub Luag Haujlwm Engineering Tsheb Log rau Underground Loaders" tshwj xeeb qhia txog cov kev cai, kev xeem, thiab cov cai tshuaj xyuas rau lub log tsheb hnyav, ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov iav khiav los ntawm qhov chaw.
Muaj feem xyuam rau cov qauv thiab kev soj ntsuam Specifications: Kev koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev nyab xeeb dav dav
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm underground loaders tsis cais; nws tseem yuav tsum ua raws li kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov mining.
• General Mechanical Safety: GB/T 25684.3-2021 "Earthmoving Machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for Loaders" (sib npaug rau ISO thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv) tau teeb tsa cov kev cai dav dav rau kev tsim kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm kev pom dav dav ntawm lub tshuab txav hauv av.
• Hauv -Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Khoom Siv: Rau cov khoom siv uas twb tau siv lawm, kev lag luam tus qauv AQ 2065-2018 "Safety Inspection Specification for Underground Mining Truck" muab cov khoom, cov hau kev, thiab cov cai txiav txim rau kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ib ntus, ua ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam mining los tswj cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb.
Kev xaus lus hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov qauv kev siv rau underground loaders yog ib txheej txheej ntau - txheej txheem, ua tiav, thiab nruj. Los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv paus rau kev soj ntsuam kom muaj nuj nqis, thiab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim mus rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov kab liab rau cov khoom tsim thiab kev tsim khoom, muab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev lees paub, thiab tsim kev thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Kev nkag siab zoo thiab kev siv nruj ntawm cov qauv no yog tib txoj hauv kev los txhawb kev lag luam hauv av thauj khoom mus rau kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab kev tsim kho ntau dua.
